Blood transfusion reactions first aid 2017

Blood transfusion reactions first aid 2017 skin#

Viable donor lymphocytes in RBC or platelet products can engraft in susceptible patients and cause fever, erythroderma, maculopapular rash, anorexia, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, hepatitis, and pancytopenia (transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease).

RBCs mismatched for non-ABO minor antigens may lead to new alloimmunization or anamnestic immune response characterized by low-grade fever, gradually decreasing hemoglobin, and mild jaundice (delayed hemolytic TR). Massive transfusion of citrate anticoagulated blood products can lead to hypocalcemia characterized by paresthesias, tetany, and arrhythmias and subsequent metabolic alkalosis from citrate metabolism.

Blood transfusion reactions first aid 2017 skin#

RBCs mismatched for ABO blood group system may lead to acute hemolysis characterized by one, a few, or all of the symptoms listed above (acute hemolytic TR).Д¬ontaminating WBCs in RBC and platelet units may release cytokines and result in an isolated elevation in temperature (febrile non-hemolytic TR).ДЄllergy to donor plasma proteins in RBC, platelet, or FFP units can lead to skin manifestations and anaphylaxis (allergic or anaphylactic TR).Дonor antibodies to patient WBCs can lead to transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) characterized by respiratory failure, hypoxemia, hypotension, fever, and bilateral pulmonary edema.Д«acterial contamination of blood products can cause fever, chills, hypotension, and shock (transfusion-associated sepsis).Д¬irculatory fluid overload can lead to dyspnea, cough, tachycardia, and hypertension (transfusion-associated circulatory overload). Respiratory distress, including wheezing, coughingДЄcute TR (within 24 hours of transfusion) New onset of fever or temperature rise >2 degrees Fahrenheit Significant change in baseline blood pressure or heart rate during or within hours following a transfusion The key to proper patient management is recognition of a possible TR, immediate discontinuation of transfusion, stabilizing/monitoring the patient, and following hospital protocol for laboratory work-up/confirmation.ДЄ TR should be suspected whenever a transfused patient experiences: The type of TR is related to the type of blood component administered. TRs may be clinically insignificant (febrile non-hemolytic TR), mild (allergic TR), or potentially fatal (acute hemolytic TR, transfusion-related acute lung injury, septic TR, anaphylactic TR). TRs may be acute (within 24 hours of transfusion) or delayed (days/weeks) immune or non-immune mediated. Transfusion reactions (TRs) are defined as any unexpected patient sign or symptom during or following the transfusion of a blood product.

Description of the problem What every clinician needs to know TA-GVHD (transfusion-associated graft-vs-host disease) 1. TACO (transfusion-associated circulatory overload) TRALI (transfusion-related acute lung injury) DHTR (delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction)ДЇNHTR (febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction)